The economic impact of the global pandemic on developing countries is complex and multifaceted. With limited resources, these countries experience various challenges that challenge their economic resilience. The spread of COVID-19 has triggered a recession in many developing countries, directly affecting economic growth, employment and poverty levels. One significant impact is the decline in foreign direct investment (FDI). Many foreign investors postpone or cancel projects in developing countries, which often depend on external capital flows. As a result, important infrastructure projects and the development of strategic sectors are hampered, weakening long-term growth potential. The tourism sector also suffered a heavy blow. Many developing countries rely on tourism as a primary source of income, but with restrictions on international travel, revenues from this sector have plummeted. This leads to job losses, especially among informal workers who do not have adequate social protection. The health crisis has also worsened the situation of the health sector. Developing countries often have fragile health systems, and when a pandemic hits, they lack the capacity to handle a surge in cases. High costs of treatment and recovery burden government budgets, diverting resources from social development and infrastructure to the health sector. Inflation is also rising due to global supply chain disruptions. Rising prices of goods and daily necessities put additional pressure on people’s purchasing power, further worsening the living conditions of many people. In many cases, families in developing countries are forced to reduce spending on food and education, which can have long-term impacts on their quality of life. From a social perspective, the pandemic is exacerbating existing inequalities. Vulnerable groups, including women and children, experience greater impacts. Many women have lost their jobs in the informal sector or been forced to leave work to care for children who study from home. This can result in increased poverty rates and reduced access to education for future generations. Governments in developing countries are trying to address these challenges with stimulus packages and social support. However, limited fiscal space often prevents them from providing adequate assistance. This creates a dilemma between maintaining short-term economic stability and investing in long-term development. One thing is certain: the challenges facing developing countries as a result of the pandemic will continue. Recovery efforts need to focus on strengthening economic and social resilience to face future crises. Therefore, it is important for these countries to adopt a sustainable approach to economic and social development, and invest in health and education infrastructure to increase their capacity. In the future, international cooperation is also urgently needed to help developing countries strengthen their economic base. Better funding and access to technology can speed recovery and create a more inclusive economy. Only in this way can developing countries rebuild the foundations of their pandemic-hit economies and prepare to face the challenges of the new post-pandemic era.